It’s Right In Front of You
Racism, medicine & the body’s largest organ
By Cicely Belle Blain
Public health sets us up for poor health outcomes [and] nudges us towards death by operating with whiteness as the norm,” writes Daniella Barreto, a Black activist and epidemiology graduate, in a Dec. 2020 tweet.
In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, Daniella and her family were struck with the virus like millions of others worldwide. Concerned for her mother’s health, Daniella called British Columbia’s COVID-19 hotline. She was told to stay home and only come into the hospital if her mother’s lips turned blue.
“She’s Black,” Daniella said, “her lips will not turn blue.”
The Barreto family’s experience with the helpline is one example of the racism and colourism that plagues Western medicine. Throughout history, there are many examples of doctors and scientists abusing or neglecting people from racialized communities. Today, many medical professionals lack competence (or are intentionally ignorant) in how to assess patients with different skin tones, leading to poor or dangerous outcomes for people with darker skin.
As an example, a quick internet search for ‘lip cyanosis’ (skin turning blue due to lack of oxygen) will show images of white people with previously pink or reddish lips, now a light shade of blue or purple. A more detailed investigation will turn up resources explaining that people with darker skin may instead experience grey or whitish skin around the mouth — and those with a yellower skin tone may find themselves going green. Lighter-skinned people have fewer cells that produce melanin pigment in their lips, meaning blood vessels (and therefore the blood’s redness) are more visible.